Adjective||Engliah Grammar||Notes||competitive Exams||Kumar Harsh

                                            Adjective 

Describing words are called adjective.

  Type of Adjective  

1.Adjective of quality

2.Adjective of quantity
3.Adjective of Number
4.Demonstrative Adjective
5.Possessive Adjective
6.Distributive Adjective
7.Interrogative Adjective
8.Proper Adjective
9.Emphasizing Adjective
10.Exclamatory Adjective

                

                    Adjective of quality shows the kind and quality of person or things.  It is used with noun or without noun.

ex:- Mohini is beautiful.

       Mohini is a beautiful girl.

Adjective of quality :- Adjective of quantity show how much of a thing is meant.
some, much, little, whole, all ,no, enough , a lot of  
ex:- The whole money was distributed.
        He did not eat any rice.
it can be used after or before noun.

ex:-Black hair ,

      Fair complection,

Determiners:- Determiners signals the coming of a noun.

or,

    Determiners are use just after a noun.

ex:- I have a pen.

       you have some books.

      I don't have any pen.

                 {  Here,"A","some" and "Any" are the determiners used

Determiners include article, demonstrative adjective, possesive adjective, nominal adjective, adjective of quality, distributive of adjective etc,.

Classification of adjective 

  1.Proper adjective :- Proper adjective is made up of proper noun.

ex:- Indian, Russian, Chinease, American, Shakesperian 

Proper noun                            Adjective 

India                                     Indian

China                                    Chinese

America                                American

Shakespeare                          Shakesperian

Usage of Proper adjective

1. Proper adjective always begins with capital letter.

2. Article is used just before proper adjective.

 3. It doesn't show quality

ex:-  I am an Indian farmer.

        I am an Indian.

        You are an American.

2. Distributive adjective :- Distributive adjective come with noun 

and separate nouns, are called distributive adjective.

      each, every, either, neither, each and every are distributive adjective.

Usage of distributive adjective

1. each is use for two or more than two person or things.

ex:- There are two/ten boys, each boy is handsome.

2. every is used each and every is used for more than two person or things.

ex:- There are three girls, every girl is intelligent/each and every girl is intelligent.

3. each and every takes singular noun or singular verbs.

4. Article is not used before noun which comes after each, every,either, neither

ex:- each a boy has a toy. (incorrect)

       every a girl is beautiful. (incorrect)

        each boy has a toy.(correct)

       every girl is beautiful.(correct)

5. either and neither both are used for two.

ex:- neither girl is beautiful.

      either girl is beautiful.

There are two novels on the table, neither novel is interesting.

3. Adjective of quantity :- An adjective which shows the quality  of things is called an adjective of quality.

ex:- much, little, whole, a lot of, lots of, a great deal of, plenty of,

some, enough etc, are adjective of quantity.

usage of adjective of quantity

1. uncountable noun is used with adjective of quantity/quantitative adjective.

ex:- I have much milk.

Note:- This adjective doesn't show merit and demerits.

2. singular verb is used with uncountable noun.

ex:- All water is dirty.

        There is little love in your heart for me.

4. Adjective of number/numeral adjective:- Numeral adjective show the number of person or things.

ex:- one, two, three, four, few, more, many etc.

usage of numeral adjective :- Plural countable noun are use after adjective of number.

ex:- I have bought some books.

plural verb is used after plural countable noun.

ex:- All boys are intelligent.

      I have few girl friends.

•          Cordinal adjective of number:- one, two, three, four, five
•          Ordinal adjective of number :- first, second, third, fourth(the is used before ordinal number)
•            Multiplicative               :- single, double, triple,etc,.
•         Definitive numeral adjective :- one, two, three, four, first, second, third
•        Indefinite adjective            :- much, ,many, some, a great many, a good many, several, numerious, lot of, lots of, plenty of, some, enough,.

5. Interrogative adjective:- An interrogative adjective use before a noun to ask a question.

ex:- which pen is yours.

       which class do you read in ?

6. Emphasizing adjective:- emphasizing adjective are used to emphasize noun. 

Note:- Own and vary are emphasizing adjective.

ex:- He saw her beloved on the road with his own eyes.

7. Posessive adjective :- Posessive adjective show posession, relation or ownership.

              my, his, your, our, her, their are possesive adjective.

8. Exclamatory adjective :- What an ugly woman!

                                             What a beautiful house!

                                             What a big building it is !

Usages of some adjective with example:-

Some and any :- some is used in affermative sentence while any is used in negative sentence.

ex:- I have no any money.

        I have no any book.

       some books are new.

       I have some money.

Much and Many:- much denotes quantity. It is used with uncountable noun.

many denotes number. many is used with plural countable noun.

ex:- You have much peace.

       You have many friends.

       Many boys are here.

All and Whole :- All denotes number as well as quantity.

                            Whole is used with singular noun.

         ex:- All the boys are naughty.

                All the books were old.

                 The whole body was seen.

                Her whole body was covered.

Certain  and a Certain :- A certain is used with singular countable noun.

Certain is used with plural countable noun.

ex:- I met a certain boy yesterday.

       Certain girls were there.

Other and Another:- other is used with singular countable noun/plural noun

another is used with singular countable noun.

Few, A Few, The Few:- These adjective denote number, these are numeral adjective.

Few has negative sense.

ex:- Few persons are hundred years old.

A few takes positive sense.

ex:- I have a few boy friends.

The few takes both positive and negative sense. 

ex:- The few friends i had have left me.

Little, A little, The little :- its denotes quantity.

little has negative sense.

ex:- I have little money.

a little has positive sense.

ex:- I have a little money.

the little has both positive negative sense.

ex:- I spent the little money i had.

• Dead is a adjective, died is a verb, it is a form of to die's past simple or past participle

Ex- He dead. (incorrect)         

       He died.

      He has died.   (correct)

      He was dead.

• very is not use in comperative degree much or far use instead of very.
• very much, a lot, lots, any, no, rather, a little, a bit is some other words that is use in comperative.

Ex- a lot happier rather more quickly.

       a little less expensive.

• unique, eternal, round, dead, triangular, golden, entire, chief, dumb, free, blind, universal, ideal, weekly, monthly etc,. adjective are not use in comparative or superlative degree

ex- I saw a unique sight.

      Is there anything eternal?

• there is some word that not take more/most and not than to make comperative degree but to is use instead of 

these are:- inferior, superior, junior, anterior, posterior

• The word prefer means more desirable  preposition to is used after preferable

ex- Health is preferable to wealth.

• elder is use for person of family and after that than is not use
• but older is use both person or thing after that than is use

ex- This house is older than that house.

       My elder brother is respected by all.

• The comperative degree of fore is further and its meaning is  more or next but the comperative degree of far is farther its meaning is distant.

ex- America is ready to give us further help.

     Patna is farther from Delhi than lucknow.

• Not+a = no

      Not+any = no

so, we would use no or -n't any instead of not any, no any, no a 

ex- He has no a hat = He has no hat

                                  He hasn't a hat

There is no any man there = There is no man there.

• After one of the adjective use in the forms of superlative degree

ex- He is one of the tallest boys in the class.

      John is one of the most intelligent boys i know.

• Smaller and bigger shows size but younger and older shows age

ex- I am two years younger than you.

      he is three years older than sita.

• In comperative degree well is not use but better is use. and Knowledge of english use instead of english knowledge and a member of family is use instead of a family member.

ex- he acted better in comedies

      my knowledge of english is sound.

      he is a member of my family.

• We should use the first two instead of the two first because the two first is a meaningless expression.

ex- The first two chapter of that book are interesting.

• An adjective can be placed after a noun when the adjective is followed by a prepositional phrase.

ex- He is a man greedy for money.

All these are matters worthy of attention.

• Asleep, alone, ill, afraid, akin, alike, awake, ashamed, averse are some adjective that even use after noun.

ex- 

      I saw a man asleep.

      A lady alone might be in danger here.

      That man is ill.

      These two are friends alike.

Demonstrative adjective :- The adjective used to point out some person or thing is called a demonstrative adjective.
ex:- this, that, those, these, such
I did not like that woman.
I hate such things


Possessive adjective :- my, our, your, his , her, its and their are possessive adjective.
ex:- It's colour is black.
       This is my / your/ his house.

Interrogative adjective :- what , which and whose are called interrogative adjective when they are used with nouns to ask questions.
ex:- What question did the teacher ask?
        Whose book is this?

Exclamatory adjective:- What is called exclamatory adjective when it is used as an adjective in an exclamatory sentence.
ex:- What folly!
        What a piece of work is man!